Macronutrient

Forms the micelles that carry the fat-soluble vitamins across the gut wall. Without fat in the meal, A, D, E, K and the carotenoids largely pass through.

Feeds the gut microbiome and slows glucose absorption. At high loads in a single meal it also lowers mineral uptake.

Supplies the amino acids every enzyme and hormone is built from. Also raises the absorption of several minerals eaten with it.