Other

The soluble fiber in oats and barley. Binds bile acids in the gut, which is the mechanism behind its effect on LDL.

A group of linoleic acid isomers found in ruminant fat and dairy.

The active polyphenol in turmeric. Poorly absorbed on its own.

Converted by oral bacteria to nitrite and then to nitric oxide, which widens blood vessels.

The two carotenoids concentrated in the macula, where they filter blue light.

The pungent alkaloid in black pepper. Slows the enzymes that clear curcumin, so more of it reaches the blood.

Live bacteria in fermented food, counted as colony-forming units. Effects are strain-specific, so the count alone says little.

Formed when raw cruciferous vegetables are chopped or chewed. Activates the NRF2 antioxidant response.